Thermo-compressor.



lTHERMO COMPRESSOR# APPLIUATION rILBD JUNI: is, 196s.'

. Patented NOV. 17, 1908.

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"WITNESES I INV' .mi

f ATTURNQYS' i having'for its object to utilize directly the f',. speed of steam, generated by the expansion UNITED s'rATEsrATENT oFFioE.

(.tlA RLES IFBAOHE, O1" PA RIS, FRANCE, A'SSIGNOR TO LA SOCIT DEXPLOITATION DE PRO- CDS VAPORATOIRES (SYSTEME PRAUHE ET BONILTON), OF PARIS, FRANCE.

THERMO-comrnnss'on.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' ,Patented Nov. 17, 1908.

Application med :une 18,'1903. serial No. 439,121.

which thermo-compresser is fully set forth iu. the following specification.

This mventlon relates to an apparatus of the said steam from a high to a low pressure, tor drawing-1n other steam at the bottom pressure, mixing it and then compress' ing it together with the first'steam to a pressure between the highest and the lowest pressures of the driving steam.

Anapparatus according to this invention is illustrated by way of example in Figures '1-4 ol. the accompanying drawing.

`Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus, Fig. 2 a. cross-section on line LAB of Fig. 1,'Figs. 3 and. 4 are sections 4on an enlarged scale. l

ln Figs. l and Q, the nozzle 1 receives the driving steam which, on expanding, has to draw in through the ports and mix with and carry 4the steam arriving through the branch. a of the casing 2 surrounding the nozzle. The diffuser 3 is the exact continualion of the diver-ging portion ot' thenozzlc.

'In the said diffuser the speed energy of the mixture of the driving steam and' the driven steam, is converted into pressure energy.

The driving nozzle consists of a. divergent conduit .d and a convergent conduit c terminating at' the top in a reservoir r into which the steam is admittedthrough the branch 5, after having passed through a metal netting filter 6. The said filter', the cross-sectional area of the passage of which is at least equal t the cross-section of the branch 5, is intended to keep back the solid particles that may be carried by the steam and that would be larger than the reduced section 4 of the Aexpansion nozzle.

Obviously tliesteam reservoir r can he given any other shape or connected in any Vother way to the convergent portion, the said shape and method of connection being immat'erial for the working of the apparatus. lThe reduced portion of the' nozzle has the shape of a rectamglf` the small side ot' which must lnot exceed 2 ruin.

.As Wlll be seen7 the convergent-divergent condult and the reservoir of the nozzle are constituted by two -symmetrical half-nozzles connected together in a plane A-B simply by placing together their mach-ined faces.

The driving jet escaping from the divergent conduit continues itspath between two series of symmetrical bars 7 arranged in `such manner that the discharge edges 8 are situated in two lanes forming with eachl other an angle/equa' to that of the divergent conduit Aof the nozzle which is thus extended in an exact manner.- w

The bars 7 are arranged at certain inter-- valsfromeach otherand form conduits or ports 9 through which enters the st eaiu l drawn in.

The shape of the bars is such. that the said conduits or ports formed by them,A converge towards the axis of the driving jet.

The face l0 of each bar-must be parallel to the axis A-B of the apparatus, so that the y*faces 10 of two symmetrically opposite' bars `should form :r conduit of a constant. crosss'ectionjn order that the average speed ofthe mixture should be the same at the 1nlet and at the outlet of the conduit inques-l tion.. Otherwise the average speed of the vmixture entering the speed conduit would change with the cross-section of the c onduit itself, and if the Said conduit were a diverg- It is the connection of'the said two gratos by means of triangles 1 3 that, forms an'inclosure surrounding the driving-Jet and connozzle. Y

The grates are isolated from the nozzle by screws ll and tappets l2 so as to revent the bars, owing to the 'high heat con uctivity of the metal, from() assuming the temperature of the driving steam which is necessarily higher than that of the drivenv steam, which would have the disadvantage of transform- .ing the bars into desiccators which would keep then back at their passage 'the light solid matter that maybe carried by the driven steam. This deposit would acculnu late on the bars'and finally clog up the ports. rThe screws 11 enable the said inclosure to '-tinuin'g the divergent part of the driving be given the exact position which it has to occupy relatively to the said divergent part.

The working of the apparatus is as follows: The driving steam admitted at l, escapes into the reservoir and expands in the convergent divergent nozzle, the reduced crosssection of which is 'at 4. The length of the divergent part is such that the steam arriving at. its end is expanded to a pressure slightly lower than the pressure in the chamber 2 which receivesthe steam to be drawn in or carried through the" branch a. As soon as it leaves the divergent part, the "driving steam having the maximum speed that itf Acould have, begins to draw through the ports the-steam to be driven and becomes mixed with it. The mixture thus obtained meets continually increasing cross-sections and ture is converted into a greater l) ril Leitel s PatentI No. 904,276.

finally escapes through the diffuser at the moment when the lspeed energy of the mix.-`

Y ressure energy than that in the chamberl 2. The number of suction ports and the final cross-'section of the diffuser depend of course on' the quantity of steam that it is desired to draw in by means of a given Weight oi" the driving steam and on the degree to which the pressure of the final mixture of the driving and driven steam has to .be raised.

The above described arrangement renders it possible: l. To utilize the speed energy given by the expansion ot the steam, from the moment when it has expanded to the low'- est pressure, that is to say, from Vthe moment when the speed of the steam is a'maximum. "l, To l'n'ing the maximum oi `the molecules of the said steam into direct contact-With the steam to be driven by giving the jet the shape which results in a minimum lloss of energy by friction. To adopt an absolutely symmetrical shape of the jet of driving steam, Which enables the steam to be driven., to be brought into Contact with the said jet through convergent conduits of rectangular cross-section in which each of the molecules driven is submitted to the same laws. 4. To keep the speed'of the mixture of the driving and driven steam constant between each two suction ports.

In the description of the apparatus, the

the Patent Oice.

rrectia luid adopted was steam, and the driven fluid also steam. 'But the apparatus can be used for the expansion of `any gas or vapor, and

tion of a casing having an inlet-opening atthe upper part, a nozzle extending into the casing laterally .froxn'one side thereof, a series of bars below the nozzle to lead the steam downwardly through the casing in adivergent jet and between which the steam. in the casing enters, and a dili' user at the lower part of the casing into which the jet is discharged.

2. In a thermdconipressor, the combination of a nozzle, and a series of flat bars arranged faee' to face and forming a diverging conduit for the steam jet.

3. ln a. thermo-wlmipresser, the combination of a nozzle, and opposing series of fiat bars between wh ichv the steam-enters, the discharge edges of said'bars being located in' diverging planes.

' 4:. In a thernio-compressor, opposing series of fiat bars betwc'n which the steam enters having their discharge edges arranged in diverging planes, the. inner opposing faces of said bars being parallel to each other.

-5. Inv a thermo-compressor, opposing sets of bars arranged in pairs and having-'their discharge edges located in diverging planes, the bars of each set being so formed and located at their adjacent edges as tocreate ports which converge toward the center-of thejet issuing between said sets of bars.

` (i. In a therm(rcoiiipiessoi', the combina` tion of a nozzle, opposing sets of bars forming a divergent path for the steam, and means by which said bars are positioned With respect to the nozzle though kept isolated therefrom.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the'presence of two subscribing Witnesses. i

CHARLES' PRACHE.

Witnesses: i

EMILE LEDRET,

H. C. Coxn.

It is hereby 'certiied that in LettersPatent No. 904,276, granted November 17, 1908, upon the application of Charles Prache, of Paris, ifrance, for an improvement in Thernio'Compressorgf an error appears in the printed specification reeuiring correction, as follows: In the assignment at the headof the specification the wordv Bouillon should read Bouillon; and that the said Letters'Patent should be read.

with this correction therein that the same may conform -to the record o`f the .case in signed am; sealed this 15th day of June, A. D.,1909. i

. C. C. BILLINGS,

Acting Cmmnssfour of [5a/'ents'.

be given the exact position which it has to occupy relatively to the said divergent part.

The working of the apparatus is as follows: The driving steam admitted at l, escapes into the reservoir and expands in the convergent divergent nozzle, the reduced crosssection of which is 'at 4. The length of the divergent part is such that the steam arriving at. its end is expanded to a pressure slightly lower than the pressure in the chamber 2 which receivesthe steam to be drawn in or carried through the" branch a. As soon as it leaves the divergent part, the "driving steam having the maximum speed that itf Acould have, begins to draw through the ports the-steam to be driven and becomes mixed with it. The mixture thus obtained meets continually increasing cross-sections and ture is converted into a greater l) ril Leitel s PatentI No. 904,276.

finally escapes through the diffuser at the moment when the lspeed energy of the mix.-`

Y ressure energy than that in the chamberl 2. The number of suction ports and the final cross-'section of the diffuser depend of course on' the quantity of steam that it is desired to draw in by means of a given Weight oi" the driving steam and on the degree to which the pressure of the final mixture of the driving and driven steam has to .be raised.

The above described arrangement renders it possible: l. To utilize the speed energy given by the expansion ot the steam, from the moment when it has expanded to the low'- est pressure, that is to say, from Vthe moment when the speed of the steam is a'maximum. "l, To l'n'ing the maximum oi `the molecules of the said steam into direct contact-With the steam to be driven by giving the jet the shape which results in a minimum lloss of energy by friction. To adopt an absolutely symmetrical shape of the jet of driving steam, Which enables the steam to be driven., to be brought into Contact with the said jet through convergent conduits of rectangular cross-section in which each of the molecules driven is submitted to the same laws. 4. To keep the speed'of the mixture of the driving and driven steam constant between each two suction ports.

In the description of the apparatus, the

the Patent Oice.

[SEAL] rrectia luid adopted was steam, and the driven fluid also steam. 'But the apparatus can be used for the expansion of `any gas or vapor, and

tion of a casing having an inlet-opening atthe upper part, a nozzle extending into the casing laterally .froxn'one side thereof, a series of bars below the nozzle to lead the steam downwardly through the casing in adivergent jet and between which the steam. in the casing enters, and a dili' user at the lower part of the casing into which the jet is discharged.

2. In a thermdconipressor, the combination of a nozzle, and a series of flat bars arranged faee' to face and forming a diverging conduit for the steam jet.

3. ln a. thermo-wlmipresser, the combination of a nozzle, and opposing series of fiat bars between wh ichv the steam-enters, the discharge edges of said'bars being located in' diverging planes.

' 4:. In a thernio-compressor, opposing series of fiat bars betwc'n which the steam enters having their discharge edges arranged in diverging planes, the. inner opposing faces of said bars being parallel to each other.

-5. Inv a thermo-compressor, opposing sets of bars arranged in pairs and having-'their discharge edges located in diverging planes, the bars of each set being so formed and located at their adjacent edges as tocreate ports which converge toward the center-of thejet issuing between said sets of bars.

` (i. In a therm(rcoiiipiessoi', the combina` tion of a nozzle, opposing sets of bars forming a divergent path for the steam, and means by which said bars are positioned With respect to the nozzle though kept isolated therefrom.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the'presence of two subscribing Witnesses. i

CHARLES' PRACHE.

Witnesses: i

EMILE LEDRET,

H. C. Coxn.

It is hereby 'certiied that in LettersPatent No. 904,276, granted November 17, 1908, upon the application of Charles Prache, of Paris, ifrance, for an improvement in Thernio'Compressorgf an error appears in the printed specification reeuiring correction, as follows: In the assignment at the headof the specification the wordv Bouillon should read Bouillon; and that the said Letters'Patent should be read.

with this correction therein that the same may conform -to the record o`f the .case in signed am; sealed this 15th day of June, A. D.,1909. i

. C. C. BILLINGS,

Acting Cmmnssfour of [5a/'ents'.

It is lwreby ccrtilied that in Lettere Patent No. 904,27i` ,g111ntcd November i7, 1908, upon the application of Charles Prache, of Paris, Ifraucv, lo." :in improvement in "hanno-Compressors, an error appears in the printcd specification requiring correction, as follows: In thc assignment at the head of tlmA npccilcation the word Bouillon should read Bouillon,- aud that the said Leuvrslatvnt, bhoulcl he read with this. correction therein that the same may conform to the record of tho .case in the Patent Oice. i

Signed and sealed this 15th day of June, A. D.. 1909.

C. BILLINGS,

Ac/[uvl/ (21mmmoncr uf 'almts. 

